This Copyright Policy explains how Global Citation ("the Publisher", "we", "us", or "our") manages intellectual property rights for content published on our website and across our open-access journals.

Global Citation is committed to protecting author rights while enabling the widest possible dissemination of peer-reviewed scholarly research.

Copyright Ownership

Global Citation recognizes and respects the intellectual property rights of authors. Authors retain full copyright ownership of all articles published by Global Citation.

Copyright is not transferred to the publisher as a condition of publication.

License to Publish

By submitting and publishing an article with Global Citation, authors grant the publisher a non-exclusive, perpetual license to:

• Publish, reproduce, and distribute the work in all formats and media
• Identify Global Citation as the original publisher of the work
• Archive and preserve the published content

This license allows Global Citation to disseminate scholarly work while ensuring that authors retain full ownership rights.

Creative Commons License

All articles published by Global Citation are distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) license.

Under this license:

• Others may share, copy, redistribute, adapt, and build upon the work
• Use is permitted for both commercial and non-commercial purposes

Provided that:

• Proper credit is given to the author(s)
• The original source is cited
• A link to the license is included
• Any modifications are clearly indicated

The CC BY 4.0 license supports broad dissemination and reuse while ensuring appropriate attribution. The applicable Creative Commons license is clearly displayed on each published article and on the journal website.

Full license terms are available at creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

Author Rights and Reuse

Authors retain the right to:

• Share and distribute the published version of their article
• Deposit the article in institutional, disciplinary, or funding repositories
• Use the article for teaching, research, and professional purposes
• Reuse content in future works, including books or derivative research

No additional permission from Global Citation is required for these uses, provided appropriate citation is maintained.

Website and Brand Materials

Unless otherwise stated, Global Citation retains rights in non-article materials on this website, including branding, logos, layout, and publisher-created graphics. These materials may not be copied or reused without prior written permission, except where fair use or applicable law permits.

Third-Party Material

Authors are responsible for obtaining permission to use any third-party material included in their manuscripts, including but not limited to:

• Figures, tables, images, or illustrations
• Extensive quotations
• Data or copyrighted content owned by others

Proper acknowledgment and documentation of permissions must be provided prior to publication.

Author Warranties

By submitting a manuscript, authors confirm that:

• The work is original and has not been published elsewhere
• They hold the necessary rights to grant the license to publish
• The manuscript does not infringe upon the rights of third parties

Any breach of these warranties may result in corrective actions, including retraction.

Attribution and Citation

Users of published content must provide appropriate attribution, including:

• Author name(s)
• Article title
• Journal or publisher name
• Year of publication
• Digital Object Identifier (DOI), where available

Proper citation ensures the integrity of the scholarly record and appropriate recognition of authorship.

Copyright Infringement Claims

Global Citation takes allegations of copyright infringement seriously. Claims may be submitted with supporting evidence and will be investigated promptly. Please email us at info@globalcitation.com.

Where infringement is confirmed, appropriate corrective measures will be taken in accordance with publishing ethics and legal requirements.

Policy Updates

This Copyright Policy may be updated periodically to reflect legal, regulatory, or operational changes. The current version will always be made publicly available on the Global Citation website.